High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that is released from endogenous origins upon cellular injury. Specifically, the presence of HMGB1 has been demonstrated in several animal models undergoing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis, as shown in the work of Hasegawa et al. [1] recently reviewed in this journal. Known to be present in all eukaryotic cells [2], HMGB1's role as a mediator of inflammation and further tissue damage extends to the realm of ischemia and reperfusion as...