Abstract

The advent of targeted agents for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma has led to dramatic improvements in therapy. However, the chronic use of these medications has also led to the identification of new toxicities that require long-term management. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor inhibitors (sunitinib, sorafenib, and pazopanib), VEGF-ligand inhibitor (bevacizumab), and mTOR inhibitors (temsirolimus and everolimus) each present different challenges for patient management....