Abstract

The standard of care for transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder with invasion to the muscularis propria is radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. However, currently there is a tendency for organ preservation in selected cases of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Trimodality treatment, including transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT), radiation therapy and chemotherapy, has been shown to produce 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates comparable to those...